GNU/Linux and Network Programming

The course introduces the developer to the basics of using a GNU/Linux system, C programming, system software programming, and network programming.

The filesystem, process control, Emacs editor, installation and package management is covered under using GNU/Linux. Buffered and unbuffered file I/O, process control and signals are covered under system software programming. Networking layers, networking commands, TCP sockets, UDP sockets and multiplexed I/O are covered under network programming.

The course is available with or without the C programming module. In which case the C programming sessions specified below does not apply.

• Basic programming knowledge.

• Basic understanding of computers.

• With C programming

  • Duration: 84 hours

  • Span: 7 weeks

• Without C programming

  • Duration: 60 hours

  • Span: 5 weeks

Using GNU/Linux

Introduction

• History of GNU/Linux

• Logging On To The System

• Changing Your Password

• Using UNIX Commands

• File and Directory Commands

• Open, Edit and Save Files

• Quitting Emacs

• Getting Help

• Logging Off The System

• Starting X Windows

• Launching Programs

• Getting Access to the Shell Prompt

• Gnome Applications

The Filesystem

• Hierarchical File Structure

• File Types

• File Names

• Pathnames

• Access Permissions

• Mounting

Shell Basics

• What is the Shell?

• Processes

• Job Control

• Redirection

• Variables

• Quoting

Advanced Shell

• Pipes

• Filters

• Regular Expression

• Scripting Introduction

Emacs

• Emacs Screen

• Cut, Copy, Paste

• Undo

• Search, Find and Replace

• Handling Multiple Files - Concept of Buffers

• Viewing Multiple Files - Concept of Windows

• Editing Modes

• Getting Help

System Boot Sequence

• Overview

• Role of Bootloader

• Specifying Boot Arguments

• Role of Ramfs

• Role of Init

• Runlevels

• Getty and Login

• Bash Login Script

Installation & Package Management

• Installing Ubuntu

• Installing Packages using apt-get

• Removing Packages

• Listing Packages

• Compiling Packages from source

C Programming

Types, Declaration, Exp, functions

• Basic types and declarations

• Initialization

• Const and volatile

• Expressions and operators

• Short Circuiting

• Size of

• typedef

• Functions

• Stack

• Importance of Function Prototypes

• storage class

Pointer and Array Basics

• Simple Pointers

• Single Dimensional Arrays

• Arrays Initialization

• Pointer and Array Names

• Pointer Arithmetic

• The Square bracket Notation

• Passing Arrays to Function

• Returning Arrays from Function Pitfall

• NULL Pointers

• Function Pointers

Pointers and Strings

• Strings

• String Literals

• String Literals and Arrays

• Null Strings

• String Literal Pitfalls

Structures and Unions

• Purpose of Structures

• Structure Initialization

• Arrays of struct

• Field Alignment and Padding

• Field Offsets

• Self Referential Structures

• Mutually Referential Structures

• Purpose of Unions

• Union Initialization

• Incomplete types

The Linear Dynamic Data Structures

• Need for Dynamic Data Structures

• The Stack and Queue Data Structures

• The Linked List Data Structure

• Dynamic Memory Allocation

Recursion

• Recursive Computation of a Factorial

• Recursive Computation of the Fibonacci Number Sequence

Preprocessor

• Preprocessor Constants

• Preprocessor Macros

• Macro Pitfalls

• Conditional Compilation

• Stringization Operator

• Token Pasting Operator

Programming Tools

• Invoking the Compiler

• Location of Header files and Libraries

• Using Libraries

• Specifing location of Headers and Libraries

• Writing a Multi-file Program

• Using Makefiles

GNU/Linux Programming

File I/O

• File Descriptors

• Opening and Closing Files

• Reading and Writing to Files Sequentially

• Reposition Read/Write File Offset

• File Tables and File Descriptor Tables

• Streams

• Buffering

• Opening and Closing Streams

• Unformatted Text I/O

• Unformatted Binary I/O

• Positioning a Stream

• Formatted Text I/O

• Temporary Files

Date and Time

• Getting System Time

• Displaying Time

• Finding out Elapsed Time

• Sleeping

Basic Process Control

• Process ID

• Creating a New Process

• Getting Exit Status of a Process

• Executing a Program

• Process Termination and Exit Status

Signals

• Signal Basics

• Handling Signals

• Interrupted Syscalls

• Sending Signals

• Timers

• Advanced Signal Handling

Network Programming

Networking Overiew

• TCP/IP Layers

• IP Address

• Networking Devices

GNU/Linux Networking

• Accessing a System Remotely

• Transfering Files Between Systems

• Network Interfaces

• Configuring Network Interfaces

• Configuring Route

• DHCP - dhclient

• DNS - whois

Introduction to Sockets

• Socket Address Structures

• Value-Result Arguments

• Byte Ordering Functions

• Byte Manipulation Functions

• inet_aton, inet_addr, and inet_ntoa Functions

• inet_pton and inet_ntop Functions

• sock_ntop and Related Functions

• Domain Name System

• gethostbyname Function

• gethostbyaddr Function

• gethostname Function

• getservbyname and getservbyport Functions

TCP Sockets

• socket Function

• connect Function

• bind Function

• listen Function

• accept Function

• fork and exec Functions

• Concurrent Servers

• close Function

• getsockname and getpeername Functions

• TCP/IP client servers

UDP Sockets

• recvfrom and sendto Functions

• connect Function with UDP

• UDP Issues

Unix Domain Sockets

• Communication Styles

• Addressing

• Local Namespace

• Creating and Destroying Sockets

• Communicating with Sockets

• socketpair Function

Advanced I/O

• Non-blocking I/O

• I/O Multiplexing

Daemons and inetd

• syslogd Daemon

• syslog Function

• daemon_init Function

• inetd Daemon

• daemon_inetd Function